In vitro Anticancer Evaluation of 5-Fluorouracil Lipid Nanoparticles Using B16F10 Melanoma Cell Lines

The present study is aimed to investigating the formulation and in vitro anticancer activities of solid lipid nanoparticles of 5 Fluorouracil (5-FU) prepared using glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and cetyl palmitate (CP) through hot homogenization method. The lipids were selected based on the partition coefficient of 5-FU in lipids. The lipid nanoparticles were optimized for process and formulation parameters. The optimized nanoparticles were characterized for their zeta potential, morphology, release kinetics, and anti-cancer activity. Higher entrapments were achieved using a combination of emulsifiers. Zeta potential of the optimized CP and GMS SLN formulation were -8.26 and -9.35 mV, respectively. Both the optimized formulations were spherical. The in vitro release studies of SLNs of both the lipid carriers followed peppas-korsenmayer equation when carried out at pH 3.5 and pH 7.4. The Chemosensitivity assay carried out in B16F10 cell lines revealed that CP SLNs had better cytotoxicity than 5-FU solution and GMS SLNs at 48 hours of incubation. Sub-toxic concentration of 5-FU loaded CP SLNs (0.12 μg/mL) possessed comparable anti-migrational activity, colony inhibition activity and cytopathic as that of 5-FU solution effects. The results indicated that encapsulating 5-FU in CP would be a promising delivery system for delivering 5-FU.